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(last updated: 2004-09-20 12:02:58)
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Regarded as rather hard for foreigners to master, Polish is an Indo-European language belonging to the West Slavonic group. It began to emerge around the 10th century, the process largely stimulated by the establishment and development of the Polish state.
Polish is an inflected language with seven cases, two numbers, three genders in singular and two in plural. Verbs are conjugated by person, tense, mood, voice and aspect. There are nasal vowels, which is unique among Slavonic languages. Another singularity is the regular stress on the penultimate syllable (other Slavonic languages have shifting stress). In spelling, one major difficulty for both foreigners and natives alike is the words with z vs. rz, u vs. ó, and h vs. ch, since the pairs of sounds these letters or combinations of letters represent have identical or almost identical pronunciation. Polish grammar and punctuation abound in rules and twice as many exceptions to them. Predictably, Polish is said to be a difficult language to learn. |
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